Gambling is a popular pastime and contributes to the economy of many countries. But it can also have negative impacts on individuals, their families and the community.
Most people gamble responsibly and enjoy it as an entertaining diversion, but a small percentage develop gambling disorder (defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, as a recurrent pattern of betting that causes serious distress or impairment) and must seek treatment. Those who are most vulnerable to developing gambling disorder are those with lower incomes who have more to lose, as well as young people and men. Some scientists think this is partly due to biological differences in how their brains process rewards, control impulses and weigh risk.
Some people start gambling because of mood disorders, such as depression, stress or substance abuse, and continue to do so even when they stop. Often this makes the problem worse. Seeking help for the underlying mood disorder and learning healthier ways to relieve boredom and self-soothe unpleasant feelings is essential in overcoming gambling problems.
Most studies focus on the negative impacts of gambling, but there is growing recognition that it can have positive effects as well. These may include health and wellbeing benefits, such as a reduction in stress and anxiety. Other positive impacts may be economic, such as increased consumer spending and employment opportunities at casinos and in related businesses. These benefits may be enhanced by a public sector role in promoting responsible gambling and providing treatment services.